Timeline Of Major Events


Date Area Event Consequences
300 Roman Empire Roman Capital transferred to Constantinople (Istanbul / Byzantium)      
383 Britain Magnus Maximus withdraws many Roman troops to defend Europe Angle, Saxon and Jute mercenaries recruited to fill gaps in British defenses
407 Britain Last Roman regular troops withdrawn from Britain                        
410 Britain Britons told to look to their own defence by Roman Emperor                            
c. 429 Britain 'Alleluia' battle An army under St. Germanus of Auxerre defeats a combined Anglo-Saxon and Pictish pagan raiding force
c. 432 Ireland St. Patrick's mission to Ireland                            
c. 442 - 456 Britain Anglo-Saxon rebellion Anglo-Saxon troops rebel across South-East Britain
c. 446 Britain Plague ravages Britain                          
c. 456 Britain Battle of 'Crecanford' Anglo-Saxons and Jutes defeat a British army in Kent
c. 464 Gaul Adovacrius establishes a kingdom in the Loire estuary                            
476 Roman Empire Last Roman Emperor is deposed                                
477 Britain Aelle of Sussex arrives in Britain                                
c. 500 Britain Aelle becomes recognised as the first Bretwalda Bretwalda = Ruler of Britain (senior Anglo-Saxon king)
c. 516 Britain Battle of Mount Badon Britons (under Arthur?) defeat Anglo-Saxons (of Sussex?)
520 Ireland Monastery founded at Clonard                              
520 - 550 Western Europe Childebert, king of the Franks, attempts to control Anglo-Saxon kings                                      
c. 542 Britain Battle of Camlann Traditional battle for the death of Arthur
c. 542 Europe Bubonic plague reaches Europe                                    
563 Britain St. Columba establishes a monastery at Iona Irish start to convert the Anglo-Saxons to Christianity
596 - 597 Kent Benedictine Monastery founded at Canterbury St. Augustine begins mission to Kent
600 - 615 Britain Northumbria has several victories over the Northern Britons Kingdom grows in size and influence
627 - 634 Northumbria Northumbria converts to Christianity                                  
c. 628 Mercia Mercia annexes Hwicce                              
635 Northumbria Bernicia, Deira and several Celtic kingdoms are formally united at the kingdom of Northumbria Most of the small Anglo-Saxon kingdoms are now annexed into larger kingdoms
653 Essex Essex converts to Christianity                            
655 Mercia Pagan Mercia is defeated by Northumbria Is now converted to Christianity
679 Northumbria Northumbria defeated by Mercia Mercia becomes the strongest of the Anglo-Saxon Kingdoms
681 - 686 Sussex Sussex converts to Christianity                                    
685 Northumbria Northern Picts defeat Northumbria at Dunnichen                                    
686 Wessex Isle of Wight annexed by Wessex Last part of Anglo-Saxon realm to become Christian
741 Pictland King Oengus of the Picts defeats the Scots of Dal Riata                                
c. 750 Rus' Lands Swedish settlers form a settlement at Starya Ladoga Earli known Rus' Viking settlement
789 Wessex King Beorhtric's reeve is killed while trying to collect taxes from an unknown ship The is the first recorded viking incursion into the British Isles
792 Mercia King Offa prepares defenses in Kent to stop "Pagan Seamen" Anglo-Saxons are beginning to view the Vikings as a threat
793 Northumbria Raid on Lindisfarne                    
795 Scotland Raid on Iona                                  
799 France Raids at the mouth of the Loire                                  
810 Low Countries Danes assault Frisia                                            
814 Wessex Wessex annexes welsh kingdom of Dumnonia                                  
830 - 850 Western Europe Raids across French coast and Southern England                                        
835 Wessex Vikings landing in the West Country are defeated by Egbert, king of Wessex                                                        
838 Rus Lands Rus 'state' begins to form under control of a Khagan                                        
841 Ireland Vikings found the city of Dublin                                        
c. 843 Pictland Treachery of Scone Southern Pictish leaders killed by Scots of Dal Riata, leads to Picts being put under a Scottish King. The kingdom of Alban is founded
851 Kent Viking army winters in England at Thanet First time a Viking army had ever wintered in England
c. 858 Rus' Lands Rurik of Scandinavia defeats Magyar-Khazar rulers in modern Ukraine Rus' area of control is expanding
860 Byzantine Empire First Rus' attack on Constantinople Rus' now confident enough to attack the strongest city in Europe
865 Kent First Danegeld paid by the people of Kent The Saxons start paying the Danegeld which will be a major part of their policy for the next 200 years
866 York York falls to the Vikings                    
c. 872 Norway Battle of Hafrsfjord Harald 'Fairhair' Harfagi crushes opposition from South West Norway, bringing the whole country under his control
875 - 900 Ireland Vikings settle at Galloway                            
877 Mercia Mercia falls to the Vikings                                          
879 England East Anglia falls to the Vikings
Wessex defeats Vikings
                                         
886 England King Guthrum of Denmark and King Alfred of Wessex sign a treaty - the Danelaw is created After being defeated during the invasion of Wessex, Guthrum's life is spared, and half of the country is given to the Danes and half to Wessex
886 France Vikings besiege Paris                                
907 - 913 Eastern Europe and Middle East Rus' Vikings raid across Byzantine Empire and Islamic world Many interesting battles take place, and much gold is brought back to the strengthening Rus' city-states
911 Wessex Wessex annexes London and Home Counties                                        
911 France King Charles the Simple grants Hrolf the Ganger land in Northern France in return for his loyalty Establishment of Normandy
912 - 917 Wessex Wessex conquers Norse East Anglia                                
917 - 918 Wessex
Danish Mercia conquered by Wessex
                                                     
919 Wessex English Mercia annexed by Wessex                                      
c. 930 Rus' Lands Khagan Igor of Volga Rus' takes control of Kiev Establishment of the city-state of Kiev
919 - 927 Wessex Wessex conquers York                                      
930 - 937 Wessex Wessex dynasty becomes sole rulers of England                              
937 Wessex Battle of Brunanburh King Athelstan invades Strathclyde, defeating a combined Norse, scottish and Welsh army. Secures the independence of England, and further marginalises the native Welsh kingdoms
940 - 954 York York has periods of independence as a Viking kingdom                            
959 England King Edgar of Wessex becomes first King of England Kingdom of Wessex becomes kingdom of England
962 - 973 Alban Scottish troops conquer Edinburgh and southern Scotland Scottish kingdom of Alban continues to expand until its defeat in 1006 by Northumbria
c. 965 Eastern Europe and Middle East Rus' vikings destroy Khazar capital at Itil, raid Islamic world, attack Volga-Bulgars Trying to seize control of eastern trade routes
979 England Ethelred II becomes king of England Period of weak rule begins in England
980 England Viking raids begin again in earnest                                    
980 - 982 Rus' Lands Vladimir Sviatoslavich becomes Prince of Kiev Slav tribal uprisings crushed
988 Rus' Lands Prince Vladimir converts the Rus' to Orthodox Christianity                                  
990 - 1015 Rus' Lands Sporadic wars between Rus' and Pechenegs                                  
991 England Battle of Maldon An anglo-saxon under Byrhtnoth is defeated by a Viking army at Maldon in Essex
991 - 1015 England Massive Danegelds demanded of the Anglo-Saxons Danes assert their control over England
1016 - 1024 Rus' Lands Civil War between rival princes over the throne of Kiev                                      
1016 - 1035 England Reign of the viking King Knut (Canute) Vikings now control a massive 'Empire' controlling all England, Denmark and Norway
1034 Alban Alban annexes the kingdom of Strathclyde All of the Welsh Kingdoms outside of Cymru have been conquered
1038 Alban Alban annexes the kingdom of Gallway Effectively creates a united Scotland
1042 - 1043 Rus' Lands Peace between Rus' and Polish, invasion of Byzantine Empire                                  
1043 - 1066 England Reign of King Edward the Confessor Monarchy is back in the hands of the Anglo-Saxons
1062 - 1063 Wales Earl Harold of Wessex defeats Gruffydd, high king of Wales                                      
1064 Rus' Lands War between Kiev and Poland                            
1066 England Anglo-Saxons defeat vikings at Stamford Bridge
Normans defeat Anglo-Saxons at Hastings
Successional Wars. After defeating a Viking force at Stamford Bridge, King Harold of England is defeated by William the Conqueror - England is now controlled by the Normans
1068 - 1069 England Unsuccessful Anglo-Saxon uprising against the Normans                      
1068 - 1069 Rus' Lands Kipchaks defeat several Rus' armies before defeat near Chernigov by a Rus' force under Prince Sviatoslav                              
1081 Italy Byzantine defeat in southern Italy at the hands of the Normans Byzantine force comprised largely of Anglo-Saxon exiles (Varangians)
1085 England Sweyn Estridson's expedition to southern England ends in failure Last serious Viking invasion of England


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